They attacked and defeated the last Kirati king, Gasti. At least 14 died during the 19 days of protests.[33]. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Its headquarter lies in B.P. [17][22] The United Left Front became CPN UML. A day after Prime Minister K P Sharma Oli’s Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) led … However, most of the changes have, as yet, not been implemented. This name list of political Parties in … 2002–2007: Suspension of parliament and Loktantra Andolan, December 2007 to May 2008: Abolition of the monarchy, From Loktantra Andolan to the Constituent Assembly, The first elections after becoming a Republic: the Constituent Assembly, International organisation participation of Nepal, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKarmacharya2005 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFJoshiRose1966 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPradhan2012 (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), Samajbadi Prajatantrik Janata Party, Nepal, International Organization for Standardization, "Is Nepal headed towards a communist state? Major parties such as the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN UML) and the Nepali Congress agreed to write a constitution to replace the interim constitution[37] within 2 years. This research paper analyzes the role of political parties in the democratic period of 1990-2018. On 19 July 2006, the prime minister, G. P. Koirala, sent a letter to the United Nations announcing the intention of the Nepali government to hold elections to a constituent assembly by April 2007. The following is the list of political parties in Nepal registered in the Election Commission. AsDB, MINA, CCC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, Group of 77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, International Development Association, IFAD, International Finance Corporation, IFRCS, International Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, International Maritime Organization, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, International Organization for Standardization (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, Non-Aligned Movement, OPCW, SAARC, United Nations, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNTAET, UPU, World Federation of Trade Unions, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO CPC Nepal (applicant). A number of political party leaders had termed the Chinese envoy's series of meetings with the ruling party leaders as interference in Nepal's internal political affairs. The leading parties were the NCP and the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist-Leninist or UML). [9][needs update], The four noble families to be involved in the active politics of the Kingdom of Nepal, along with the Shah dynasty, were the Basnyat family, the Pande dynasty and Thapa dynasty before the rise of the Rana dynasty. [2] The party JSPN is center-left to left-wing. As of December 2007, the legislature had the following composition.[50]. However, according to local media reports, some Nepalese leaders raised questions over the timing of the meeting given the border stand-off between India and China and escalating tension … On 21 April 2006, King Gyanendra declared that "power would be returned to the people". Although the prince never regained consciousness before dying, Crown Prince Dipendra was the monarch under the law of Nepali royal succession. [17][18][19][4], Many political parties and their leaders remained underground or in exile for the next 30 years of partyless politics in Nepal. Supreme Court of Nepal Advocate Dipendra Jha writes in The Kathmandu Post: "many other aspects of the new constitution are more regressive than the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2007. On 22 November 2005, the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) of parliamentary parties and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) agreed on a historic and unprecedented 12-point memorandum of understanding (MOU) for peace and democracy. Following Indian Independence, Nepali Congress was successful in overthrowing the Rana regime with support from the Indian government and cooperation from the king. [5][25][26][27] By 2015, the new constitution had been promulgated and Nepal became "a federal democratic republic striving towards democratic socialism". [19] The Panchayat rule saw governments led by a group of monarchy loyalists taking turns, with Surya Bahadur Thapa, Tulsi Giri and Kirti Nidhi Bista becoming prime minister three times each, among others. Although the first amendment to the constitution was done, the resistance over the document by Madhesi and Tharus in Nepal still continues.[48][49]. This triggered the Madhes movement I. Nepal’s Prime Minister KP Oli has stepped down as a key coalition partner, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist-Center) led by Prachanda, withdrew support for … It was founded in 1950. SUBSCRIBE TO THE VIEW FROM INDIA NEWSLETTER. Out of all its deficiencies, the most notable one concerns the issue proportional representation or inclusion in all organs of the state. Following a four-year autocratic rule by King Gyanendra that failed to defeat the Maoists, a mass civil protest was launched by a coalition of the maoists and the political parties in 2006, which forced the king to stepped down, brought the maoists to the peace process, and established a democratic republic by 2008. [21] A general referendum was held in 1980, which saw the CPN ML campaign for the option of multi-party democracy, along with Nepali Congress, but the Panchayat System was declared the winner to significant controversy. A third party, such as the Nepali Congress, a social-democratic political party in Nepal, may benefit from this chaos. The second Madhes Movement took place in 2008, jointly launched by Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum-Nepal, Terai Madhes Loktantrik Party and Sadbhawana Party led by Rajendra Mahato with three key agenda: federalism, proportional representation and population-based election constituency, which were later ensured in the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2008. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court was appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges were appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council. But the President Ram Baran Yadav, as the supreme head of [4] Following the entry of the Maoists into the political process, they were the largest party in the first constituent assembly and Nepali Congress was the largest in the second, with no party winning a majority. Massacre at the Palace: The Doomed Royal Dynasty of Nepal. However, after the massacre, the Crown Prince survived for a short while in a coma. [5] In second constituent assembly Nepali Congress stood first without winning a majority. Lichhavi Dynasty ruled Nepal from 300 to 600 A.D. ", "Political polarisation in Nepal ahead of major elections", "Long stalemate after Maoist victory disrupts life in Nepal", "NCP to announce party department chiefs today", "The Rising Nepal: Nepali Congress in the Opposition", The Bloodstained Throne Struggles for Power in Nepal (1775-1914) - Baburam Acharya, "Panchayat system or multiparty system of govt: Nepal in throes of political crisis", "Nepali Times | The Brief » Blog Archive » RK Mainali rejoins UML", "Nepal abolishes monarchy as King Gyanendra given fortnight to vacate palace", "Baburam Bhattarai elected prime minister of Nepal", "Nepal PM calls new elections after constitution failure", "Nepal's new constitution endorsed through Constituent Assembly — Xinhua | English.news.cn", "UML wins mayor, deputy mayor in Pokhara Lekhnath metropolis", "Nepali Communists win landslide, but face big obstacles to win change", "UML to get 4 chief ministers, Maoist Centre 2", "Madhesh Movement: Then n now (Part I of III) – OnlineKhabar", "Madhesh Movement: Then n now (Part II of III) – OnlineKhabar", "The Rising Nepal: Ten Years On, Madhes Still In Unrest", "Who are the Madhesis, why are they angry? Political parties of Nepal Nepal Praja Parishad (or simply, Praja Parishad, Popular Council) was the first attempt to form an organization to lead the revolution against the Rana dynasty in Nepal. Oli and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist-Centre) led by Prachanda; Several agreements in the past two-and-a-half years including the one in mid-September this year have failed to resolve this key issue. Sharma Oli's sudden decision to dissolve parliament, as … Jonathan Devendra. Nepali Congress, Janata Samajbadi Party and other parties are also protesting against the Prime Minister’s unconstitutional move. A look at the questions it raises over the Constitution and left unity Moreover, Nepal was declared a secular state abrogating the previous status of a Hindu Kingdom. At the time of the election, every politician visits every house with their proposal written … A political party is an association of people with the same political aims and programmes. CPN UML also joined this government, but the Nepali Congress took the part of the main opposition party. [7], The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Nepal a "hybrid regime" in 2019,[8][needs update]while the polity data series considers it to be a democracy. [14] Early politics in the Kingdom of Nepal was characterised by factionalism, conspiracies and murders, including two major massacres. From 1991 to 2002 the Parliament (Sansad) had two chambers. Names of many institutions (including the army) were stripped of the "royal" adjective and the Raj Parishad (a council of the King's advisers) was abolished, with his duties assigned to the Parliament itself. The party was formed in 1950 by the merger of Nepali National Congress and Nepal Democratic Congress. The Maoists demanded civilian supremacy over the army. [17] While communism was still trying to find its footing, Nepali Congress enjoyed overwhelming support of the electorate. This had little effect on the people, who continued to occupy the streets of Kathmandu and other towns, openly defying the daytime curfew. In nearly a decade, Nepal witnessed three Madhes Movements[39][40] - the first Madhes Movement erupted in 2007,[41] the second Madhes Movement in 2008[42] and the third Madhes Movement in 2015. Nepal's Constituent Assembly on Sunday got three-month extension after a last-minute deal between key political parties under which Prime Minister … The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court (सर्बोच्च अदालत), Appellate courts, and various District courts. Parliament was subsequently dissolved by the king in 2002 on the pretext that it was incapable of handling the Maoist rebels. A day after the promulgation of the interim statute, a group of Madhesi activists under the Upendra Yadav-led Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum-Nepal (then a socio-intellectual NGO) burnt copies of the interim constitution at Maitighar Mandala, Kathmandu." However, The Constitution of Nepal 2015 backtracked from those issues, that were already ensured by the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2008. ISBN 0-7868-6878-3. False hope. The three major parties to hold seats in the national government are the Nepal Communist Party (NCP), the Nepali Congress, and the People's Socialist Party, Nepal. The politics of Nepal functions within the framework of a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. The politics of Nepal functions within the framework of a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Two days later after his death, the late King's surviving brother Gyanendra was proclaimed as a king. [1], Other parties currently represented in the Parliament, Parties currently represented in Provincial Assemblies, Parties represented only in local government, नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी), Learn how and when to remove this template message, Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist), List of regional and ethnicity based parties in Nepal, "दर्ता भएका राजनीतिक दलहरु (अधावधिक सुची)", "Xi's Myanmar visit and China's Regional Diplomacy", http://election.gov.np/election/uploads/files/document/nirwachan_chinha_125.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Nepal&oldid=999896730, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from September 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch (Tharuhat), Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Socialist), Pichhadabarga Nishad Dalit Janajati Party, This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 14:13. On 19 May 2006, the parliament assumed total legislative power and gave executive power to the Government of Nepal (previously known as His Majesty's Government). [35] A federal republic was established in May 2008, with only four members of the 601-seat Constituent Assembly voting against the change,[36] which ended 240 years of royal rule in Nepal. [28] In 2017, a series of elections were held according to the new constitution, which established Nepal Communist Party (NCP) (formally united after the election) as the ruling party at the federal level as well as six of the seven provinces, Nepali Congress as the only significant opposition in federal and provincial levels, while the Madhesi coalition formed the provincial government in Province No. The remark from the Chinese government comes at a time when a section of Nepali and India media have raised questions over the ongoing meetings of Chinese leaders with the leaders of the ruling Nepal Communist Party (NCP), calling it China's interference in Nepal's internal affairs amid deepening political crisis triggered by the dissolution of the House of Representatives and a vertical … About the origin of the first Madhes Movement, Journalist Amarendra Yadav writes in The Rising Nepal[43]"When the then seven-party alliance of the mainstream political parties and the CPN-Maoist jointly announced the Interim Constitution in 2007, it totally ignored the concept of federalism, the most desired political agenda of Madhesis and other marginalised communities. Submit. [17][4], In 1990, the joint civil resistance launched by the United left front and Nepali Congress was successful in overthrowing the Panchayat, and the country became a constitutional monarchy. It was founded in 1939 when they received the support of additional people including Dharma Bhakta Mathema among others. Explained: Nepal Political Crisis and Why Parliament Was Dissolved. This resulted in massive and spontaneous demonstrations and rallies held across Nepal against King Gyanendra's autocratic rule. National parties. Telephone lines were cut and several high-profile political leaders were detained. All political parties of Nepal must protest against this development,” Mr. Bhattarai said. All political forces including civil society and professional organisations actively galvanised the people. Prachanda soon fell into a dispute with the then army chief Rookmanda Katwal and decided to sack him. [23][24], Following the political consensus to draft the new constitution of the Republic via a constituent assembly, Nepali politics saw a rise of nationalist groups and ideologies. Those three leading parties were the Nepali Congress (NC), the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), which had been formed in early 1991 by the unification of two splinter groups of the former Nepal Communist Party, and the Rastriya Prajatantra Party or National Democratic Party (NDP), the party of the erstwhile pancha s, the politicians of the partyless panchayat system. ", "Nepal Rations Fuel as Political Crisis With India Worsens", "The Secret to Resolving Madhes Andolan III Demands - Madhesi Youth", "Interview: 'For Madhesis, the first amendments to Nepal's new Constitution are a disappointment, "THRD Alliance Resistance Continues as Nepal Observes the 2nd Anniversary of Constitution Promulgation - THRD Alliance", "Interim parliament endorses Interim Constitution-2063", The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 (2007), The Constitution of The Kingdom of Nepal, 2047 (1990), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nepal&oldid=996421464, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from February 2018, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Democracy Index rating template users with comma, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2021, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2020, Articles needing additional references from February 2010, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 14:28. on 1 June 2001, in which members of the royal family, King Birendra, Queen Aishwarya, Crown Prince Dipendra, Prince Nirajan, as well as many others, were killed in the massacre. The new body consists both of members of the old parliament as well as nominated members. The National Council (Rashtriya Sabha) had 60 members, 35 members elected by the Pratinidhi Sabha, 15 representatives of Regional Development Areas and 10 members appointed by the king. Both of them were elected as Co-Chairs of the Nepal Communist Party when it was formed in May 2018 through the merger of the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist-Leninist), led by K.P. The government announced a public holiday for three days, (28 – 30 May), to celebrate the country becoming a federal republic. The activities of the King became subject to parliamentary scrutiny and the King's properties were subjected to taxation. After the victory of Loktantra Andolan in the spring of 2006, a unicameral interim legislature replaced the previous parliament. While Nepali Congress ran the government for most of the next ten years of democracy that followed, democracy was mostly a disappointment owing to the immature democratic culture and political infighting in the capital, as well as the civil war that followed the guerrilla insurgency launched by the Maoist Party. The judiciary has the right of judicial review under the constitution. Following a brief ten-year exercise in democracy, another partyless autocracy was initiated, this time by the King, who deposed the democratically elected government of Nepali Congress, imposed or exiled prominent leaders and issued a ban on party politics. On 23 December 2007, an agreement was made for the monarchy to be abolished and the country to become a federal republic with the Prime Minister becoming head of state. [1] While all major parties officially espouse democratic socialism, NCP is considered leftist while Nepali Congress is considered centrist, with most considering it center-left and some center-right. The Nepali Congress (Nepali: नेपाली कांग्रेस Nepali pronunciation: [neˈpali ˈkaŋres]; NC) is a social-democratic political party in Nepal.It is the largest opposition party in the House of Representatives and the National Assembly.. Nepal's judiciary is legally separate from the executive and legislative and has increasingly shown the will to be independent of political influence. These parties are … It has three political parties mainly recognised in the federal parliament: Nepal Communist Party (NCP), Nepali Congress (NC),[1] and Janata Samajwadi Party (JSPN). When Lichhavies, lost their political fortune in India, came to Nepal. This period is the first documented period in the history of Nepal. The Madhes Movement[38] (Nepali: मधेस अान्दोलन) is a political movement launched by various political parties, especially those based in Madhes, for equal rights, dignity and identity of Madhesis and Tharus, Muslims and Janjati groups in Nepal. Some of the political parties of Nepal are as follows: Nepal communist party (Maoist) Nepali congress Nepal communist party (UML) Madhesi people's right forum Terai Madhesi Democratic party United communist front Nepal peasant Workers party Nepal and China's ruling communist parties on Friday held a virtual meeting during which they discussed the current political situation and shared their experience on running the party and government. An angry Prachanda and his party quit the government, majorly citing this reason and decided to operate as the main opposition to the government headed by CPN UML and its co-partner Nepali Congress afterward. This led to a countrywide uprising called the Loktantra Andolan that started in April 2006. Nepali people from various walks of life and the international community regarded the MOU as an appropriate political response to the crisis that was developing in Nepal. [20] BP Koirala was released from prison in 1968 and went into exile in Benaras, returning in 1976 only to immediately be put in house arrest. "[44] This triggered the third Madhes Movement by Madhesis[45][46][47] in Nepal. The UN-OHCHR, in response to events in Nepal, set up a monitoring program in 2005 to assess and observe the human rights situation there[32]. The King argued that civil politicians were unfit to handle the Maoist insurgency. The Royal Massacre (राजदरबार हत्याकाण्ड) happened There are 121 political parties in Nepal enlisted here. [4] The Panchayat loyalists formed National Democratic Party which emerged as the third major party. The following is the list of political parties in Nepal registered in the Election Commission. 2, but boasts negligible presence in the rest of the country.[29][30][31]. 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